CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STUDIES

The school is a social institution. It imparts instruction covering a variety of subjects. Education is a lifelong process. Man is in the centre of all educational activities, processes, programmes or products.

Although one can say that language learning, the arts, mathematics and the natural sciences deal with human experiences in the form of ideas, skills and products, it is the special function of social studies to have the people as the subject matter.

Consider, for a moment, yourself as an object of study. In order to arrive at a meaningful understanding of you, you would have to investigate your past (history), the environment in which you live (geography), your needs and desires (psychology), how you will place yourself in the society in which you live (sociology), how you are supported financially (economics), the influence you exert on others and vice-versa (political science), how your culture has influenced you (anthropology) and so on.

Thus social studies reveals to the learner where she/he is in the context of time, space and society. Hence, definitions and the nature of social studies range fiom a study of human beings favouring a separate subject approach to an integrated one in which the subject matter is indistinguishable as history, geography, civics and so on.

You might define social studies as something similar to any of the following:

1 It is a study of the people in their environment.

2. It is a study of how people live and work together at the local, national or international level.

3. It is an inquiry to realise how the people today all over the world are economically and politically interdependent.

4. It is a study to enhance the understanding of the past to interpret the present or current trends to develop skills of becoming an effective member of the society in which one lives.

Understanding Social Studies in Relation to Other Areas of Study

The field of social studies is distinct from other fields of learning for the fact that its content as well as purpose emphasis human-beings and their various relationships. As already stated, all other fields of study also have a social purpose and utility. They form a significant part of the curriculum as they serve the needs of human-beings. Arithmetic has social utility and enhances human relationships too, but its content is not inclusive of human-beings and their relationships.

Science deals with material objects, language with communication, and mathematics with quantity but social studies deals mainly with the relationships among the people. While dealing with social studies, the emphasis is always upon relationships rather than individuals, upon social activities rather than individual performances, stressing that society makes the individuals and it is not merely composed of individuals. Its three main usually stated purposes are in terms of satisfying individual needs, acquiring academic, social, and scientific knowledge and providing citizens education relevant to societal needs. It clarifies that no human-being lives for himself/herself and that social studies is devoted to a study of the life of the people with reference to and in the context of the society where one lives.

Present Perception of Social Studies as a Subject-reality and Expectations

In almost all the states, of India, the subject of social studies forms a part of the core curriculum. However, the traditional content of history, geography, civics, economics, etc., is covered in the sequential organisation of the subject matter. Some teachers continue to teach individual social sciences in the name of social studies. Various commissions, committees and policy formulations have clarified the purpose of teaching social studies but in practice the old segmented type ( of teaching continues in most schools, barring some innovative schools. Hence, there is a need to develop awareness among prospective teachers as well as those already teaching about social studies as a significant part of the school curriculum.

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Child development and pedagogy Notes for UPTET Exam

Dear Readers

Child psychology is an important branch of psychology which focuses on the mind and behavior of children from parental development through adolescence. Child psychology deals not only with the growth of children physically but also with their mental, emotional and social development as well. Today, psychologists recognize that child psychology is unique and complex, but many differ in terms of the unique perspective they take when approaching development. Development is a process of internal and external growth of a child and the emergence or differentiation of his capabilities. It could also be understood as the function of maturity and his interaction with the environment. There may be various aspects of development like physical, mental, emotional, language, ethical etc.

Development is the process of quantitative and qualitative growth of the child and the emergence and differentiation of capabilities over time. It is the function of maturity as well as interaction with the environment. Who among the following cognitive development of children in society and cultural ties between the dialogue is an important dimension to be announced?

• Vygotsky
• Piaget
• Kohlberg
• Ericson

This question is related to pedagogy, but the principle objective of the exam is to test candidates in had the skills to teach and knows the principles of the art of teaching. Candidates should be aware that it will be used in practice, that means in teaching practices.

Questions based on practical knowledge can be included in the following types of questions

As a teacher of environmental studies conducting the tour of the zoo’s, the main objective should be:

• Providing learners enjoy and have fun
• Change the monotony of continual learning program
• Providing active learning experiences to learners
• The parents need to be satisfied with the quality of education

Teaching motivation (motivated teaching) is considered a sign of.

• Very quiet in class
• Ask students
• The maximum attendance in class
• Remedial teacher’s work

Need to pay special attention to this type of questions

During the examination of teaching skills in solving problems of the candidate will be examined. Candidates trained in child psychology and have been through the process of practical teaching, they might qualify. There is a method of solving such questions under which as a teacher you have to understand the nature of the problem, rather than go to the child’s role. The types of questions are asked a question such as therapeutic.

Why in the class of a particular language child who speaks different language faces problem to understand?

• Lack of interest in learning another language
• The second language would be difficult
• The difference in the structure of the language and second language
• They do not learn another language carefully.

To answer this question, we must understand that, we do not speak or understand another language because it has the difference in the structure from our own language. Thus if we understand the practical side, such questions can be solved easily.

The questions of pedagogy will focus on what is your perspective on the process of learning, your interest will be checked, it will also assess on your teaching approach. like-

Why do you want to be a teacher?

• To build an ideal society
• To achieve a reasonable employment
• To make nation educated
• It is relatively easy task

To evaluate Reading-skills (reading ability) what you do?

• Telling children to read aloud so that you can check pronunciation.
• To the lines of text
• To make questions on material which has been taught.
• Factual questions asked on material which has been taught.

Such questions will be important. So it can be said that this exam evaluates your ability to become a teacher or a passion that will evaluate how you approach teaching positions will be displayed.

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Child Development study notes on Thinking for UPTET Exam

Dear Readers

Child development is the very important section of CTET exam. In this study notes of child development, we are providing every things related to development of the child.

About How Children Learn

Although children are born with their inherited qualities and tendencies but environment and mainly adults play a vital role in providing stimulation and support for children’s learning.

A child’s knowledge grows and enhances as he grows, observe things around him, encounter new experiences and on the basis of his understanding and learning, he tries to move ahead.

How do the Children think?

Each child develops at a different pace and has individual outlook towards things. Although, most of the children tend to narrate stories by looking at pictures in their books. These differences may be due to a child’s inherited tendencies, opportunities or the experiences they are exposed to. The role of language is very important in his learning. It helps children to organize their ideas and facts and gradually develops their problem-solving skills, in turn developing their own ideas.

How and Why Children ‘Fail’ to ‘Achieve success in school performance’?

Few basic factors are:

1. An inability to complete task-students must be encouraged to complete their tasks until it is not done no matter how difficult it is.

2. ‘Procrastination’ or poor time management- teachers should encourage good home work and study habits of students from early age as some students are in a habit of completing every task at the end moment of its completion date or day.

3. Lack of self-esteem- a lack of self-confidence or fear of failure could prevent a student in forming his skills and strengths. Every new skill requires patience before it is mastered.

4. Reliability on others- every child must taught from the very first day he enters school, that he is solely responsible for his studies rather than depending on his fellow mates or others for completing his home work and other tasks.

5. Lack of desire and Motivation- some students are underachievers while some are able to succeed, in both cases, they are not interested in completing their tasks or show interests in other activities. Also, due to lack of motivation, they do not find pleasure in anything.

6. Poor reading comprehension- if a child is poor in basic reading and understanding the languages used in his studies, we cannot expect him to excel high in spite of having sharp brain.

7. Lack of Parental Involvement- A child’s world during his young age, mostly revolves around his parents and so parents play a very important role as a motivating factor. Although some children could do good without their parent’s help but in majority of the cases, parents involvement have huge impact on a child’s study.

8. Improper Organizational Skills- mismanagement and poor organizational skills not only decreases and disturbs a child’s pace of learning but also proves to be a hindrance in his learning process further. Hunger, Thirst, lack of sleep, body ailments or other physical reasons could sometimes also be a reason for his poor understanding.

9. Other factors- some other factors such as low confidence level, peer pressure, over protection and high expectations of parents, lack of social and conversational skills also interferes with the achievements of a child at school level.

Cognition and Emotion

Cognition or the Cognitive processes can be natural and artificial. The concept of cognition is closely related to abstract concepts like mind, reasoning, intelligence etc. It is generally referred to as the mental functions, processes and state of one’s mind with a particular focus towards decision making and planning.

The term ‘emotion’ means to agitate, excite or move. They could be pleasant or unpleasant. Pleasant emotions are the sources of joy and happiness whereas unpleasant emotions lead to fear, aggression, and anxiety.

Certain features of Emotions

Physiological changes such as facial expressions, gestures, heart beating pattern, blood pressure etc. are noticed under the influence of emotion.

Maturation and Learning play an important role in the expression of emotions.

Our reasoning and thinking abilities are affected by emotions.

Factors Influencing Learning

Personal Factors- some of the personal factors which effect learning are:

• Boredom and Fatigue
• Age and Maturation
• Sensation and Perception of things
• Emotional conditions
• Needs and Interests
• Motivational factors
• Aptitude and Attitude towards learning

Environmental Factors affecting Learning:

• Relationships with Teachers, Peers, and Parents- a sound relationship at all these levels provides the tension-free environment to a child and facilitate his growth.
• Surroundings (natural, social and cultural) – all these conditions effect learning directly. So, they should be favorable and according to a child’s development.
• Media influence- it is considered to be an important source in transforming and gaining information.

Hence, all these factors are responsible for influencing the learning process. A thorough knowledge of them is very useful for teachers and parents in guiding and understanding their children’s needs.

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Notes on Concept of development for UPTET Exam

About Development:

Development refers to the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between conception and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It may also be defined as a process of internal features of a human being in collaboration with external or environmental features. The growth that is focus in the study is the development of Child in four areas is physical, mental or cognitive, emotion and social. In this paper, the main development of Child that are being focused is physical development and cognitive development.

Age Ranges and Individual Differences in Child Development:-

Age-related development terms are: newborn (ages 0–1 month); infant (ages 1 month – 1 year); toddler (ages 1–3 years); preschooler (ages 4–6 years); school-aged child (ages 6–11 years); adolescence (ages 11–18)(Kail,2006).

Although, the age ranges themselves are in many ways arbitrary. Just as in the same way, cognitive, social, behavioural and intellectual development occurs in each individual in a similar way at different pace and rates. It is important to keep in mind that some children reach the milestones earlier, some later and many infect most-reaches just around the time of the average. Such variation becomes noteworthy only when children show substantial deviation from the average.

Principles of Development

Human development involves change. This change occurs at various stages of development and the development pattern at each stage has predictable characteristics.Although there are individual differences in children personalities, activity levels and timing of developmental milestones, such as ages and stages, the principles and characteristics of development are universal patterns. Development is based on following basic principles-:

Development is a continuous process- It does not occur in spurts. Growth continues from conception until an individual reaches his maturity. Although development is a continuous process, yet the tempo of growth is not even specially during early years it is swift and later on, it slows down.

It follows a pattern or sequence- every species, whether animal or human follows a pattern of growth. Development tends to proceed from the head to downwards. It also proceeds from the center outward.

General to Specific- It moves from generalized to localized behaviour. Growth occurs from large muscle movements to more refined (smaller) muscle movements. For eg. an infant moves the whole of his body at one time rather than moving only one part of it.

Different rates of individual growth and development- Neither all the parts of the body grow at the same time nor do the mental abilities of a child develop fully. They attain maturity level at different pace. Hence, each child is different and so the rates at which individual children grow is also different. Physical and mental abilities both develop at different ages.

Development is a complex phenomenon- All the aspects of growth are closely interrelated to each other. A child’s mental development is intimately related to his physical growth and needs.

Factor influencing Development and Personality – Heredity

Honestly speaking, a human being’s personality is an outcome of both of his genetic as well as cultural environment. Certain things are inborn or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Basically, it is the impact of heredity on human beings that ‘we inherit a tendency towards certain things and to function in certain ways’. For eg,a tendency towards a certain body weight, tendency towards general body type and appearance. Hence, Heredity plays a vital role in causing individual differences and is equally responsible for bringing changes in an individual’s personality.

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CTET Previous Year Question Papers (Hindi/English), Download PDF!

CTET requires the candidate to have Graduate & Teacher Training Certificate degree for its educational qualification criteria, but without any prior idea of question papers & exam pattern, it is too tough to crack CTET Exam. We have already provided CTET Exam Pattern and Syllabus for this Exam, check below the key points why previous year question papers are key to success in CTET exam.

Year	CTET Question Paper – 1	CTET Question Paper – 2
Feb 2016	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
May 2016	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
Sep 2016	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
Feb 2015	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
Sep 2015	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
Feb 2014	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF
Sep 2014	Download PDF	Download Question Paper PDF

CTET Previous Year Question Papers Benefits

1. Help to understand the exact exam pattern of the Exam.

2. Know the Difficulty Level of Questions.

3. Know the Topic wise Distribution of the Question

Clearing the CTET exam will make you eligible for the latest government teacher jobs, so make sure you use the right strategies and the right books for CTET to prepare for the exam.

 

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UPTET Previous Year Paper (Hindi & English): Download PDF

UPTET exam is going to held in 2018, so this is very important time to practice UPTET Previous Year Question Paper (2011 & 2016) to know about the exact pattern of exam. Interested candidates can download Uttar Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (UPTET) Previous Year Question, Paper PDF in Hindi & English by given below links.

We have Already shared UPTET Eligibility Criteria and also shared detail syllabus & Exam Pattern. Those candidates who are going to appear for this Exam are searching Previous Year question paper, So here we are sharing UPTET Previous Year Question Paper PDF in both Hindi & English. After solving the previous year question paper candidate will get the idea about exam pattern & Difficulty level of the question paper.

UPTET Paper Detail	UPTET Previous Paper PDF
UPTET Paper – I (2011)	UPTET Primary Teacher (Paper – I) – Download PDF
UPTET Paper – II (2011)	UPTET Upper Primary Teacher (Paper – II) – Download PDF
UPTET Paper – II (2016)	Child Development & Language (Hindi & English)
	Social Studies
	Science & Mathematics

UPTET Previous Year Question Paper Benefits

1. With the help of previous year, question paper candidates can get the idea of difficulty Level of Questions.

2. Previous year question paper is helpful to understand the nature of the exam pattern.

3. Through the help of previous year question paper get the idea of topic wise Distribution of the question.

4. Very helpful to plan your strategy for UPTET Exam.

5. Helpful to increase the speed & time Management.

 

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REET Previous Papers 2017 Pdf | Download Rajasthan RTET Solved Papers, Practice Papers

A lot of books and coaching institutes are available in the market but only right approach will help you to qualify the Rajasthan REET exam. So here we are providing Rajasthan REET Study Material, REET Books comprises of all topics, solved examples along with diagrams and tables.

Candidates, please stay connected with us for the latest updates related to the REET Exam Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Previous Year Question Paper and more other important details.

We already know that “Practice makes man perfect.” So, the Candidates who practice well before the REET exam will have more chances of getting qualified in the RTET Exam. Aspirants who are preparing for the Rajasthan Teacher Eligibility examination make your much more strongly with the previous year question papers. In this article., candidates can attain the Rajasthan REET Exam Solved Question Papers. These papers will be very useful for your preparation. So, practice these RTET Solved Question papers regularly to get qualified in the exam.

Download REET Previous Year Question Papers (Level 1 & Level 2)
Exam Paper	Code	Answer Key
LEVEL 1	L-1101-A	L-1Key-A
	L-1101-C	L-1Key-C
	L-1101-D	L-1Key-D
LEVEL 2	L-2201-A	L-2Key-A
	L-2201-B	L-2Key-C
	L-2201-C	L-2Key-C
	L-2201-D	L-2Key-D

From the above links, candidates can download the Old papers of Rajasthan teacher vacancies. Hence, it will be very easy for the applicants to qualify in the written test of RTET Recruitment 2017. Furthermore, the applicants can check all the Latest Jobs Notifications, Syllabus & Previous Papers on our site.

 

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